Journal Notes

Throughout the month of July enter to win a copy of

Solider, Sister, Spy, Scout: Women Soldiers and Patriots on the Western Frontier

From the earliest days of the western frontier, women heeded the call to go west along with their husbands, sweethearts, and parents. Many of these women were attached to the army camps and outposts that dotted the prairies. Some were active participants in the skirmishes and battles that took place in the western territories. Each of these women-wives, mothers, daughters, laundresses, soldiers, and shamans-risked their lives in unsettled lands, facing such challenges as bearing children in primitive conditions and defying military orders in an effort to save innocent people.

Soldier, Sister, Spy, Scout tells the story of twelve such brave women-Buffalo Soldiers, scouts, interpreters, nurses, and others-who served their country in the early frontier. These heroic women displayed a depth of courage and physical bravery not found in many men of the time. Their remarkable commitment and willingness to throw off the constraints of nineteenth-century conventions helped build the west for generations to come.

After such a long time trying to get The Widowed Ones on the shelf at

the Little Bighorn Museum,

I learned yesterday that the book is indeed for sale at the famous location.

Next year at this time, I’ll be in Montana signing copies of book.

Thank you Friends of the Little Bighorn Battlefield.

Enter now to win a copy of The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Enter now to win a copy of

The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Molly Garrett McIntosh declined to attend the burial of her husband, First Lieutenant Donald McIntosh, at Fort Leavenworth on August 3, 1877.  She left Fort Abraham Lincoln in the Dakota Territory in late July 1876, a broken woman with no idea how she would go on without her beloved.  First Lieutenant McIntosh, the thirty-seven-year-old commander of the Seventh Cavalry’s Company G, fell with the other officers at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.  His remains had been identified by his brother-in-law, Lieutenant Frank Gibson.  Gibson was with the Seventh’s Company H and part of the detail dispatched to the scene to recover and bury the bodies of his fellow soldiers.  According to a report from Lieutenant Charles F. Roe who rode with Gibson on the detail, Donald’s body was found close to the banks of the Little Bighorn River.  He had been stripped and scalped; his head was “pounded to jelly.”  His remains were identified by the special sleeve buttons found near where his body lay.  The “gutta-percha” buttons had been a present from Molly and presented to him just before he had ridden out with General Custer to Montana.*  She secretly had had them sewn on his uniform.

Not long after leaving Fort Abraham Lincoln to return to Baltimore to live with her mother, Molly learned of the condition of her husband’s body.  She was desperate to find out what had happened to Donald.  She knew he kept a journal of his activities.  It was a small, dark book he always kept tucked in the pocket of his uniform.  Molly wanted to know if the journal had been located.  She also wanted to know if his wedding ring had been taken by the Indians after the battle.  The ring, gold with a small diamond, bore the initials inside of both Donald and Molly along with the number sixty-six for 1866, the year the two were married.  Neither his journal nor his wedding ring was located.  Molly’s sister Katherine, wife of Lieutenant Frank Gibson, thought it was cruel not to let her know the truth and gently explained what Frank had shared with her about Donald’s death.  Molly was grateful but imagining how her husband suffered drove her to her parents’ home where she shut herself away.

Molly’s father, Milton Garrett, had passed away in 1869, and her mother Mary was alone and in poor health.  Molly was there to take care of her.  Apart from Mary, Molly saw no one.  She isolated herself from the world to grieve the loss of her spouse alone.

To learn more about Molly McIntosh and her friends read

The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

News came this morning that the article I penned about Sarah Herring Sorin entitled The Attorney Teacher is a finalist for the prestigious

Downing Journalism Award.

I’m grateful to the Tombstone Epitaph for publishing Sarah’s story.

Thanks also to Women Writing the West.

How the West Was Worn: Bustles and Buckskins on the Wild Frontier

Currently #45 on Amazon’s best seller ranking in the category of Antique & Collectible Textiles & Costumes

Fashion that was in vogue in the East was highly desirable to pioneers during the frontier period of the American West. It was also extraordinarily difficult to obtain, often impractical, and sometimes the clothing was just not durable enough for the men and women who were forging new homes for themselves in the West. Full hoopskirts were of little use in a soddy on the prairie, and chaps and spurs were a vital part of the cowboy’s equipment.

In this book, author Chris Enss examines the fashion that shaped the frontier through short essays; brief clips from letters, magazines, and other period sources; and period illustrations demonstrating the sometimes bizarre, often beautiful, and frequently highly inventive ways of dressing oneself in the Old West.

Email gvcenss@aol.com now to ask for a free copy of the book

Enter now to win a copy of

The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Elizabeth Custer and Annie Yates sat on the front porch of the Yates home watching Annie’s children playing in the yard.  A stack of papers rested in the laps of both women, and, when they weren’t distracted by the unremarkable daily tasks of their new lives without their husbands, they sifted through the letters and government paperwork that had steadily arrived since late July 1876.

The summer of 1876 had passed slowly. The men who died at the Little Bighorn were sorely missed. Elizabeth had taken to sleeping with one of Custer’s shirts.  It smelled like him, and, at night when she longed to have him near, it helped ease her pain. Annie spent evenings after the children were in bed writing letters to her deceased husband. She knew he was gone, but she had an overwhelming need to communicate with him about their little ones and the difficulty she was having moving on.  Elizabeth and Annie had found unique ways to deal with their grief and by mid-fall were venturing out into public, if only to visit one another.  Maggie Calhoun, on the other hand, still struggled, refusing to leave her parents’ home to even attend church. “Now that Bubbie is gone,” Maggie shared with Elizabeth about James Calhoun’s death, “…I do not feel that mentally I am fitted to fill any position of usefulness to others.”

Nettie Smith’s correspondence to Elizabeth revealed her struggle to move forward from the tragedy as well. “Last night I found a diary kept by Smithie on the Yellowstone Expedition [1873] in which so often he writes of his ‘little wife’. In one place he says, ‘These are hard marches, but it is consoling to know that we are marching toward my little wife Dudds.  God bless her!  Only about a month separates us.’  Oh, if that last part could only be true now.  I realize the terrible truth more and more every day.  Where shall we find the strength to endure?”

To learn more about Elizabeth Custer and her friends read

The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Enter now to win a copy of

The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Thirty-four-year-old Elizabeth Bacon Custer filed into the Methodist church in Monroe, Michigan, on August 13, 1876, with hundreds of others attending the memorial service of her husband of twelve years, General George A. Custer, and five of his officers killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.  She was adorned in a black bombazine (silk) dress with black fringe and a black bonnet with a black crepe veil.  The mourning outfit would be her standard wardrobe for years to come.  She walked mechanically, but purposefully, down the center aisle, her eyes focused on a reserved seat in the front pew.  Friends and acquaintances smiled piteously at her as she passed; some refrained from looking at her at all.  Those who knew of her and her well-known husband by reputation only stood on tiptoe and craned their necks to watch her every move.

The heat that afternoon was sweltering.  Members of the Baptist and Presbyterian churches had joined the Methodists to pay tribute to the slain soldiers who were raised in the town located on the western shores of Lake Erie.  The combination of congregants along with the other funeral goers made the atmosphere in the house of worship oppressive.  Halftones from the bright sun diffused through the stained-glass windows cast a colorful light on the portrait of General Custer sitting on the organ next to a magnificent podium in the very front where the pastor delivered his weekly sermons.  Custer’s picture was surrounded with an evergreen wreath, and two sabers crossed underneath the picture.  The names of Captain Yates and Henry Armstrong Reed were scrawled across ribbons encompassing another display in evergreen.

Elizabeth’s attention was fixed on the national flag close to the lectern.  She was quiet and composed.  Her sister-in-law, Margaret (Maggie) Calhoun, was anything but that.  She struggled to control her crying.  She was grieving over the losses of her husband, Lieutenant James Calhoun; her three brothers, General George Custer, Captain Thomas Ward Custer, and Boston Custer; and her nephew Henry Armstrong Reed.  Anxiety was written in Annie Yates’ every feature.  Her husband, Captain George W. Yates, had also lost his life.  More than a month had passed since Custer’s Seventh Cavalry met their end at the hand of the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians in Montana Territory.  The bodies of the widows’ loved ones still remained behind at the battle site.

To learn more about Elizabeth Custer and her friends read

The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Enter now to win a copy of

The Widowed Ones: Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

On Saturday, May 27, 1876, Henrietta “Nettie” Smith, her good friend Elizabeth Custer, and several other soldier’s wives made their way to the steamship Far West, docked in the waters near Fort Lincoln.  They were excited and filled with purpose.  They planned to persuade the ship’s captain, Grant Marsh, to transport them up the Missouri, to the Yellowstone River near where their husbands were camped.  The wives of the Seventh Cavalry officers had met with their spouse in the field before, some living in tents with them while they performed their duties, so the request wasn’t out of the ordinary.  When the troops had marched away from the fort a mere nine days prior, the goodbyes had been emotional and touching Nettie Smith, who had been married to Lieutenant Algernon Smith for more than nine years, was desperate to see him again.  A sense of fear and foreboding over his safety had overtaken her and letters he had written assuring her he was fine could not convince her he was well.

Far West crew members welcomed the women aboard the vessel and as per the custom, Captain Marsh ordered a meal prepared for them.  Nettie, Elizabeth, and the other wives were escorted the ship’s dining room where they were served “as dainty a luncheon as the larder of the board could afford.”  Elizabeth requested the captain join them and he reluctantly did so.  He was busy preparing the steamship to rendezvous with the Seventh Cavalry.  He and his thirty-man crew were loading the vessel with food, ammunition, and other supplies the troops would need.  There wasn’t a moment to spare.

After listening patiently to the officer’s wives request, Captain Marsh explained that in the best of circumstances “he did not wish to be burdened with many passengers for whose safety and comfort he would be responsible.”  He went on to inform the women that the anticipated voyage to the Yellowstone River to be “both dangerous and uncomfortable.”  This revelation did not cause the women to change their minds about their objective.  They believed their place was with their husbands wherever they were and whatever peril might lie ahead.

To learn more about the friendship between the grieving soldier’s wives read

The Widowed Ones:  Beyond the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Join the Prescott Western Heritage Museum on June 8 for the 2nd annual Gala featuring

Chris Enss as our keynote speaker. She is a very funny speaker & expert on women of the Wild West!

Call 928-910-2307 for tickets.