This Day…

On this day in 1844, the western explorer John C. Fremont arrives at the shores of the Great Salt Lake, one of the many areas he will map for the lasting benefit of a westward-moving nation

1886: On this day, famed Apache leader Geronimo officially surrendered unconditionally to General Nelson Miles at Fort Sam Houston, becoming the last major Native American to surrender in this fashion. After two years of captivity, he was freed and relocated to the Indian Territory of Colorado, where died many years later.

1874- Waverly – Lexington, Missouri- two robberies attributed to the James gang occurred with twenty five miles apart on the same day. Many reports stated that the robbers were recognized. Later the witnesses recanted after visiting with Zerelda James-Samuel.

1872- Niagara Falls, New York/Canada- James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok starred in the Grand Buffalo Hunt at Niagara Falls, Ontario. Although there were only three buffalo to be “hunted”, the Native American and Mexican cowboys presented a thrilling display of roping and riding in Canada’s first Wild West show. The show was a financial failure, unable to draw enough to even pay Wild Bill’s salary.

1896- Oklahoma- Bill Doolin was approaching his father-in-law’s farmhouse, where his wife and child were staying. Lawmen led by Heck Thomas, however, had learned of Doolin’s presence in the area and were waiting in ambush. Doolin appeared on foot, leading his horse, carrying a rifle, whistling as he walked in the bright moonlit night. Suddenly Thomas shouted from behind some bushes, calling to the outlaw to surrender. Doolin raised his rifle which was shot out of his hand by several shots fired by posse. Doolin then drew his six-gun and fired twice before a blast from a shotgun fired by Deputy Bill Dunn and rifle bullets fired by Thomas cut him to pieces. The outlaw’s body was later displayed, naked from the waist up, to show the many holes made by shotgun pellets.

1877- Pensacola, Florida- John Wesley Hardin was arrested on a train for the murder in 1874 of Deputy Sheriff Charles Webb by Texas Ranger John Barclay Armstrong. Armstrong killed Jim Mann and pistol-whipped Hardin until he was unconscious. Armstrong used the $4000 reward to purchase more than 50,000 acres of cattle land in Wallace County, Tex., calling his spread the XIT ranch, one of the largest at that time. He maintained a large crew of cowhands and rigidly bossed their work, much as he had when operating as a Texas Ranger. One cowboy, a truculent sort, refused to take Armstrong’s harsh order on Nov. 18, 1908, and shot his boss out of his saddle. (The cowboy was later sent to prison for attempted murder.) Armstrong survived this attack as he had so many others and died peacefully in his bed on his ranch, May 1, 1913.

1863- Lawrence Kansas- William Clark Quantrill lead a force of some 450 mounted confederate guerrillas in the famous raid the town of 2,000. Around 150-200 inhabitants were killed, 182 buildings burned and 2 banks looted and about $1.5 million worth of property was destroyed. Frank James and Cole Younger may have participated in the raid.

1873- Ellsworth, Kansas- the Thompson brothers operated a gambling operation in the back of Brennan’s Saloon. On this day Bill Thompson killed Sheriff C.B. Whitney and high-tailed it out of town as his brother, Ben Thompson, held off a mob of would be pursuers with a shotgun. Ben was later fined $25 for aiding and abetting his brother.

1878- New Mexico Territory- lawman John Beckwith was involved with a number of shoot-outs, one, on this date, in the home of his hard case father, Henry, who killed his son-in-law, William Johnson, during a wild argument in the ranch house, a fight where John tried to intervene and was almost shot to death by his own father. Earlier in the year John and Robert Beckwith were with a group of deputies who killed rancher John Tunstall and setting off the infamous Lincoln County war.